Emerging cyber threats you should be concerned about?

In this digital world, we are obsessed with the technology. Technology is changing every second. With the emergence of technology, the threats in the cybersecurity are increasing every day.

Cybersecurity comprises technologies, processes, and controls that are designed to protect systems, networks, and data from cyber-attacks. Effective cybersecurity reduces the risk of cyber-attacks and protects organizations and individuals from the unauthorized exploitation of systems, networks, and technologies.

Consequences of a Cyber-attack

Cyber-attacks can disrupt and cause considerable financial and reputational damage to even the most resilient organization. If you suffer a cyber-attack, you stand to lose assets, reputation, and business, and potentially face regulatory fines and litigation – as well as the costs of remediation.

Currently, we are facing a lot of cyber-attacks in terms of monetary fraud and information breaches.

Now a day’s common people have no idea about the potential threats. They often get exposed to social engineering. They often give their information to any third party who is having malicious intent. As a result, they suffer the loss in terms of money, data or information.

In India, most of the information of an individual is linked with aadhar card. It provides a unique identification number to the individual. It has the thumbprint and fingerprints of a person. The bank account is also linked with aadhar card. So it is our responsibility to secure that information from the hackers.

 

To know more about hacking read 

 

Threats to organization

All Internet-facing organizations are at risk of attack. And it’s not a question of if you’ll be attacked, but when you’ll be attacked. The majority of cyber-attacks are automated and indiscriminate, exploiting known vulnerabilities rather than targeting specific organizations. Your organization could be being breached right now and you might not even be aware.

Up to 70% of emails today are spam, and the vast majority of these still involve phishing scams. Other common hacking threats include ransomware, malware, and Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, all of which have been responsible for major data breaches in recent months and which can leave both company and customer data vulnerable to cyber-criminals. A massive 93% of data breaches are motivated by financial gain, according to a recent Verizon report. Hackers aim for the highest return for the least amount of effort, which is why smaller businesses with lax security are often successfully targeted.

Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI): The BFSI sector is under growing pressure to update its legacy systems to compete with new digital-savvy competitors. The value of the customer data they hold has grown as consumers demand a more convenient and personalized service, but trust is essential. Some 50% of customers would consider switching banks if theirs suffered a cyber-attack, while 47% would “lose complete trust” in them, according to a recent study. A number of major banks around the world have already been subject to high-profile cyber-attacks suggesting that the sector needs to improve its approach to risk. Financial firms should invest in security applications that are able to adapt to the future of banking to ensure comprehensive, around-the-clock security. Shared Ledgers will feature prominently in the future of the BFSI sector, the best-known example of which is Blockchain, which forms the backbone of cryptocurrency Bitcoin. The blockchain is a database that provides a permanent record of transactions. It leaves an undisputed audit trail that can’t be tampered with, meaning it could completely transform security in the BFSI sector.

AI integrated attacks

AI is a double-edged sword as 91% of security professionals are concerned that hackers will use AI to launch even more sophisticated cyber-attacks.

AI can be used to automate the collection of certain information — perhaps relating to a specific organization — which may be sourced from support forums, code repositories, social media platforms and more. Additionally, AI may be able to assist hackers when it comes to cracking passwords by narrowing down the number of probable passwords based on geography, demographics and other such factors.

Telecom: There is a significant cybersecurity risk for telecom firms as carriers of internet data, and therefore a huge responsibility. Providers need to integrate cybersecurity measures into network hardware, software, applications and end-user devices in order to minimize the risk of a serious data breach, which could leave customer credentials and communications vulnerable. Consumers are increasingly careful about who they entrust their personal data to, providing a strong opportunity for networks that offer additional security services. In addition, a collaboration between rival operators could lead to greater resilience against cyber attackers.

As technologies progress, the skills needed to deal with cyber-security needs are changing. The challenge is to train cyber-security professionals so that they can deal with threats as quickly as possible and also adapt their skills as needed. There will be some 3.5 million unfilled cyber-security roles by 2021.

The Reality of Dreams

“Have you ever imagined standing in front of a dinosaur or walking on a different planet full of alien life?”

Probably. But is it really possible? The answer is yes and no. We certainly can’t bring back the dinosaurs. But we can make you walk on mars while still being in your hallway. How is that possible? Though Virtual Reality.

Virtual reality isn’t a new thought. As long as humans have lived they have dreamed and some have tried to make them real too. But creating a reality isn’t an easy thing. There have been other mediums through which people have portrayed their imagination. Just look at the various artists of fine arts. But nothing really equals something that can actually react to our stimuli.

The realms of possibilities:

Virtual Reality doesn’t happen just happen on a screen in front of you, but it happens all around you creating a feeling of being in an alternate reality altogether. This has quite a profound impact on anybody who witnesses it. And because of this factor, we have found some extraordinary uses for it. Let’s look at some of these:

• Training: The most revolutionary use of Virtual Reality has been in the training especially in those fields that involve high-risk operations like in the military, medical. Pilots and medical professionals like surgeons carry out some of the riskiest and dangerous operations in their field of work e.g. flying a military aircraft/ a brain surgery. In these situations, any untrained or undertrained person cannot be employed. Enter Virtual Reality, with modern day simulation systems a person can be trained for both situations without taking any risk on failure. Thereby providing these professionals the absolute necessary experience in handling the situation perfectly.

• Mental Health: Virtual Reality has been useful in treating some mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress. By making the patient go through the similar experience again the medical professionals help them cope with the situation they fear and avoid. It has also been particularly helpful for people suffering from autisms. By using Virtual Reality, they are learning to interact in the society thereby overcoming their barriers. To them, Virtual Reality is nothing less than a blessing.

• Entertainment: Virtual Reality has been booming in the sector and it is believed that Virtual Reality will find the most useful in this sector from games to movies everything is being researched and developed to provide the most realistic experience to the viewer. 3D is now a thing of the past as the world is trying for 5D, a viewing experience where you can physically feel the experience like walking with the characters.

• Augmented Reality: I’m sure everyone who has ever watched the Marvel’s Ironman movies must have wished to have their personal Jarvis. Well, that is what we call augmented reality. It is an effort to create a reality which is a combination of both the Virtual and Real space around you. Using Virtual Reality, we create a virtual layer over the real space and through the interaction with the virtual space we can carry out tasks. Of course, some physical work has to be done by you. We are just not there yet. Microsoft made an effort in this area with the HoloLens. And if not for anything it did work as a technology demonstrator for the future possibilities in that area.

• Business: Business has always employed the latest technology to become more efficient in their process of conducting all activities. Virtual Reality has significant potential to reduce the human effort in conducting some operations like business travels, conducting interviews, giving tours, forecasts trends and meetings. Solutions like virtual conference rooms can create a significant impact on the ways of conducting business.

• Design: Designers always need access to newer to help them better visualize their design. Just as CAD (Computer Aided Design) once revolutionized the design industry. The new Virtual Reality is the latest revolution, the best, that a designer can hope for. With the 3D rendering of their designs in a 3D space will enormously aid in the creativity and pace of design.

The unlikely pioneer- Games

When it comes to dreams and an alternate reality nothing can match the business of selling dreams and that is the gaming industry. In modern times, the best new technologies in the field of realism have come in the gaming industry and the gaming companies have gone above and beyond to create more realistic looking games. The leading gaming giants like Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo are all racing each other to capture the newly created market with the potential of billions. Each of them releasing latest and better VR console as soon as possible. And a healthy competition may certainly benefit the general populace as the best and latest become available at the cheapest price.

Conclusion:

The pace at which the technology is growing nowadays. The reality of dreams, where no one must carry a cell phone.
Where everyone will have a personal virtual assistant like Jarvis from Ironman that even talks to you isn’t far away.

Virtual Reality will bring the new revolution in the technology of future. Let me be bold and say this, VR is the future. And it is here.

Self-Driving Cars – The Driverless Experience

Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, represent one of the most revolutionary advancements in modern transportation. These vehicles are designed to navigate and operate without direct human input, using a combination of sensors, cameras, radar, and artificial intelligence (AI). The goal of self-driving technology is to make travel safer, more efficient, and more accessible.

Autonomous cars rely on advanced software that processes real-time data from their surroundings to make driving decisions such as steering, braking, and acceleration. They can identify road signs, pedestrians, other vehicles, and obstacles, ensuring smooth and safe navigation even in complex environments.

Companies like Tesla, Google (Waymo), and Uber have made significant progress in developing and testing these vehicles, aiming for a future where accidents caused by human error are drastically reduced.

Beyond safety, self-driving cars could change how we view commuting and vehicle ownership. They can potentially reduce traffic congestion, improve fuel efficiency, and offer mobility solutions for the elderly and disabled.

While challenges remain—such as legal regulations, ethical decision-making in emergencies, and cybersecurity risks—the progress so far suggests that autonomous driving is no longer just science fiction. It’s a glimpse into the future of smart, AI-powered transportation.

Software Testing Trends Every Tester Should Follow

Software testing techniques and methods have changed a lot in the last decade. Inspired by the manufacturing process, software testing has acquired the waterfall approach to test for the quality, which involved step-by-step checks and case tests when the products are at user acceptance phase. This made the task a lot more difficult for manual testers as the amount of data to be processed to run all the test cases was too much.

The emergence of Agile and DevOps methodology by many business organizations insert the testing and checking process at an earlier phase of the process. Similarly, there had been considerable changes in Software Testing methods in past that needs to look forward in future.

So let’s check out the following testing trends which will transform the future prediction:-

1. A shift from QA to Quality Engineering

The world is changing continuously, and every now and then, there is a talk about new technology surfacing in the market. Quality Assurance (QA) follows a systematic waterfall approach for testing which is a step by step process, making it through but lengthy at the same time. Hence, QA is struggling to keep up with the changing dynamics in the testing field. QA can sometimes perform as a bottleneck to a complete flow of processes. As it follows a step-by-step test, the previous process needs to be completely done for the next to begin and beings a manual tester one can only look after this in detail. But with QA the amount of data and processes can easily pile up. With Quality Engineering one can introduce the testing and automation process earlier in the process rather than at the customer’s acceptance phase.

2. IoT

IoT (Internet of Things) is one of the fastest growing technologies in today’s world and IoT is the challenge for Test Automation. A complete web of things is interconnected with each other through the internet (still sounds like one of those sci-fi movies). The hardware is controlled by dedicated software which connects them to the internet and from there it connects to all other things. As great as it may sound, there are a number of vulnerabilities in the system. Hence, the products which are connected should be tested for functionality, quality, and most important security. As per HP reports, around 70 % of the systems connected to IoT are vulnerable to security-related issues.

3.Digital Transformation with Agile

Agile Methodology has been used for the last 17 years after it was discussed in Manifesto of Agile Software Development. This methodology promotes working with various small teams in collaboration and while doing these tasks & taking on a smaller amount of processes and makes a quick and continuous delivery. Modern practices based on Agile Manifesto can be really helpful with User Experiences (UX) work like planning, execution, and evaluation.

4. DevOps

DevOps is a term used for a particular set of rules or principles to reduce the amount of time from development to operations. DevOps is not particularly a new concept in business but its emergence in the technical field is quite recent and in the past 5 years, it has gained a tremendous amount of support from the business organization. In the coming years, more organizations are likely to adapt to these set of principles to improve their overall performances as its emphasis on Automation and Integration.

5. Time for Big Data Testing

We live in the golden age of technology, where the clients and users on various platforms upload terabytes of data and so managing such amount of data, it needs a unique approach for testing. Big Data Testing is a process which can be helpful for business to test such large amounts of data. The main aim is to test the data for quality to start with. Big data is a really large amount of datasets which can’t be processed by traditional computing techniques.

6. Bigger Market share for Mobile Users & Test Automation

Mobile is now one of the most important parts of an individuals’ life. Nowadays there is an app for everything where the number of devices, OS platforms, and software runs on a single app. Testing mobile applications is a much more complex task than testing websites and the number of updates, types of devices and software updates coming every day makes it even harder to keep up with. Hence cost and market readiness are really important in future, Mobile app testing automation can be really vital.

7. API and Micro Services Test Automation

Microservice is basically a method of developing software to specifically test for any particular conditions. Types of services can be generated and by establishing a connection between them, the whole task can be divided into parts. In this, each service is created in such a way that it can perform a particular set of processes. This gives you the freedom to make changes in any smaller specific area of the application which requires changes instead of changing the whole system.

8. Increasing Adoption of Open Source Tools

Open source tools are really beneficial for business and are going to play a vital role in future too. There are many advantages of using Open Source Tools other than the cost, as it is a free to use and available to the public. It can be easily customizable, is more flexible than some expensive proprietary stuff and it is open for public. Users do have a hand in designing so it really gives you the freedom to design the way you want and there are many integrations for your powerful Test Automation too. A debatable point could be that of security, as being available to the public is not actually a definition of secure but when it goes through more sets of eyes the chances of finding out the bug and fixing it increases.

These are all talks about the methods and principles of Software Testing, which can be really important in changing and speeding the process. This will result in faster updates, better user experience and further advancement to the next level of computing.

If you want to get your software tested very well, you are free to contact JAIN SOFTWARE via the call on 0771-4700 300 or an email on global@jain.software.

TECHNOLOGY

Technology: A Modern-Day Addiction

By Author – Yasha Jain

In today’s world, technology has become an inseparable part of our lives. Almost everyone uses technology in one form or another. Its influence is so vast that it has touched nearly every individual across the globe.

Devices like smartphones and laptops have become essential tools for communication and daily activities. Many people even feel lost or anxious without their mobile phones. While technology has numerous advantages, it also comes with its fair share of drawbacks. It has completely transformed how we communicate, work, and even how politicians and journalists conduct their business. Messages, calls, and information can now be sent instantly — anytime, anywhere.

The Downside of Overuse

However, excessive use of technology can have negative effects. Studies show that around 55% of high school students spend nearly 9 hours a day on social networking sites and only 1 hour studying or reading.
The younger generation is slowly replacing face-to-face conversations with “Facebook-to-Facebook” interactions. This over-dependence is reshaping communication patterns — and not necessarily for the better.

Many people believe multitasking through technology improves productivity, but in reality, it often leads to stress and reduced concentration. Overexposure to digital devices can impact our mental health, relationships, and even business efficiency.

The Decline of Communication Skills

The rapid advancement of technology over the past few decades has come at the cost of our communication abilities. The rise of the internet, mobile phones, and computers has changed how we interact with one another. Texting and online chatting have replaced meaningful, face-to-face discussions — especially among teenagers and children.

This lack of real-world interaction is becoming a social problem that must be addressed. Although the digital world connects us virtually, it is simultaneously disconnecting us emotionally. People are becoming more comfortable behind screens than in real conversations.

Video games, social media, and virtual spaces have also played a role in distancing young people from essential communication skills. This “technology epidemic” is reshaping human connection — and society must find ways to restore balance.

Technology in Everyday Life

Technology has evolved so quickly that it’s hard to imagine life without it. From work to entertainment, it plays a role in almost every activity. It simplifies tasks, saves time, and makes even routine chores more engaging.

When we think of entertainment, we immediately think of technology — television, online streaming, gaming, and social media. Modern TVs can stream content in crystal-clear quality, and smartphones have become mini entertainment hubs. Platforms like YouTube, Netflix, and Instagram provide endless hours of amusement at our fingertips.

Even traditional forms of entertainment — such as reading, music, and art — have been influenced by technology. With so much digital content available, living without technology seems nearly impossible.

A Personal Reflection

If I imagine my life without technology, it would be completely different. I wouldn’t be able to talk to my friends every day or stay connected through social media. I use my phone to chat, listen to music, watch videos, and browse the internet — even while traveling or during class breaks.

Once, I realized that I woke up and immediately opened Facebook before even leaving my bed. That moment made me understand how dependent I had become on technology. It has become a habit — even an addiction. Without my phone or internet, I feel disconnected and restless.

Technology has made life easier, but it has also made us dependent. Without it, many of us would struggle to stay informed, entertained, or even connected with others. The convenience it provides often overshadows the quiet harm it causes to our focus and personal connections.

The Information Advantage

Technology has also made access to information effortless. Gone are the days when one had to search through stacks of books for a single fact. Now, everything is just a few clicks away. Computers and smartphones have become problem-solving machines — providing instant answers and solutions.

However, this convenience has made us impatient and overly reliant on digital assistance. Instead of critical thinking, we now rely on Google searches.

Conclusion: Technology as an Addiction

After all these reflections, one thing becomes clear — technology has become an addiction.
While it brings convenience, knowledge, and entertainment, it also consumes our time, attention, and emotions. We must learn to use technology wisely — not let it control our lives.

Technology should remain a tool, not a trap. Balance is the key to ensuring that our dependence on it empowers us rather than enslaves us.

A Revolution In The Billing Of Hospital

A Revolution in Hospital Billing

It gives us immense pleasure to announce that Jain Software has created a true revolution in the billing segment of medical science. We are proud to introduce our Medical Management Software, designed specifically for doctors, dentists, surgeons, and medical shop owners. This powerful, feature-rich product simplifies daily operations and significantly enhances efficiency. With the flexibility of anytime, anywhere, any-device access, it works seamlessly on smartphones, tablets, and computers.

Key Features of HosBill

1. Smart Appointment Scheduling

Gone are the days of long queues of waiting patients. HosBill intelligently schedules appointments based on the number of patients a doctor can handle per hour. In case of emergencies, appointments can be easily rescheduled. Patients can also book normal or emergency appointments online through a secure portal. To ensure confirmation, the system even allows patients to pay a small token amount digitally.

2. Accurate Patient Information Management

Say goodbye to misplaced prescriptions and lost reports. HosBill stores every single patient detail, including medical history, prescriptions, and reports, all with accurate timestamps. Doctors can easily retrieve records whenever needed — no more hunting through piles of paper.

3. Comprehensive Case Tracking

Imagine a patient returning after ten years and asking for details of a past treatment. Searching old files would be impossible — but not with HosBill. The software maintains a patient’s medical history for up to 120 years, ensuring no data is ever lost. Every record is safely stored and can be accessed within seconds.

4. Diagnostic Lab Integration

Whether it’s an LFT test, sugar level check, or an X-ray report, HosBill keeps every diagnosis neatly organized. It automatically stores lab results and updates them in the patient’s profile. This next-generation hospital management software ensures all medical data stays at your fingertips without extra cost.

5. Multi-Location Access

HosBill allows access from multiple locations, users, and roles simultaneously. Whether you’re managing a single clinic or multiple branches, data synchronization happens in real-time. This makes HosBill a perfect choice for hospitals and healthcare networks of all sizes.

6. Intelligent Medicine Suggestions

Having trouble remembering which medicines were prescribed for specific symptoms? HosBill takes care of that. The system automatically suggests medicines based on recorded symptoms and adds them to the patient’s billing and prescription. You can even define custom medicines for specific symptoms, combining automation with your medical expertise.

7. Access to Previous Patient Records

HosBill enables doctors and staff to track pending bills and outstanding dues instantly — without manually checking each patient’s billing history. The system sends automatic notifications, keeping you informed at all times.

8. Streamlined Billing and Invoicing

Create professional invoices that carry your hospital’s name and logo — completely free from software watermarks. HosBill works both online and offline, and supports multiple currencies, including Indian Rupees and US Dollars. This makes it ideal for hospitals that serve international patients as well.

9. Fully Responsive Design

Want to access patient data or billing information on the go? HosBill is fully optimized for mobile devices, allowing doctors and staff to check real-time updates anytime, anywhere. It’s smooth, fast, and reliable — designed with modern healthcare professionals in mind.

10. 100% Uptime Guarantee

We understand that downtime can be costly for hospitals. That’s why we host HosBill on MNCHost, a part of the Jain Software Foundation, trusted by leading multinational corporations. We guarantee high-speed performance, complete data security, and 100% uptime — all at a minimal hosting cost.

Conclusion

With HosBill, Jain Software is redefining how hospitals handle billing, patient management, and operational efficiency. It’s not just a software — it’s a step toward smarter healthcare.

We continuously strive to innovate and improve based on your feedback.
If you have any suggestions or queries, please reach out to us — your feedback is valuable to us.

📞 Call us: +91-771-4700-300
📧 Email: Global@Jain.software
🌐 Website: www.jain.software

Paper Battery

Let us first know what is a Paper battery?

A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production device formed by combining carbon nanotube s with a conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper. A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and supercapacitor, combining two components that are separate in traditional electronics. This combination allows the battery to provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy.In addition to being unusually thin, paper batteries are flexible and environmentally-friendly, allowing integration into a wide range of products. Their functioning is similar to conventional chemical batteries with the important difference that they are non-corrosive and do not require extensive housing.

How does Paper Battery work?

The conventional rechargeable batteries which we use in our day-to-day life consist of various separating components which are used for producing electrons with the chemical reaction of a metal and electrolyte. If once the paper of the battery is dipped in ion-based liquid, then the battery starts working i.e.,electricity is generated?by the movement of electrons from cathode terminal to anode terminal. This is due to the chemical reaction between the electrodes of paper battery and liquid. Due to the quick flow of the ions within a few seconds (10sec) energy will be stored in the paper-electrode during the recharging. By stacking various paper-batteries up on each other, the output of the paper battery can be increased.As the paper batteries are connected each other very closely for increasing their output, there is a chance of occurring short between the?anode terminal and cathode terminal. If once the anode terminal contacts with cathode terminal, then there will be no flow of current in the external circuit. Thus, to avoid the short circuit between anode and cathode a barrier or separator is needed, which can be fulfilled by the paper separator.

“Technology is driving the innovation. Technology is driving the creativity”

What are Paper Battery Properties?

The properties of the paper battery can be recognized from the properties of cellulose such as :-

• excellent porosity
• biodegradability
• non-toxic
• recyclability
• high-tensile strength
• good absorption capacity
• low-shear strength

also from the properties of carbon nanotubes such as low mass density, flexibility, high packing density, lightness, better electrical conductivity than silicon, thin (around 0.5 to 0.7mm), and low resistance.

Paper Battery Manufacturing:-

One method is to grow the nanotubes on a silicon substrate and then filling the gaps in the matrix with cellulose. When the matrix is dried, the material can be removed the substrate. Combining the sheets together with the cellulose sides facing inwards, the battery structure is formed. The electrolyte is added to the structure.

“Technology will not replace great teachers but technology in the hands of great teachers can be transformational”

Applications of Paper Batteries:

With the developing technologies and reduction in the cost of cathode nanotubes, these batteries find applications in the following fields:

• Nanotubes used for Paper Battery

Paper Battery= Paper (Cellulose) + Carbon Nanotubes

The paper battery can be used for various applications as it facilitates advantages such as folding, twisting, molding, crumpling, shaping, and cutting without affecting on its efficiency. As the paper batteries are the combination of cellulose paper and carbon nanotubes, which facilitates advantages of long-term usage, steady power, and bursts of energy. These types of paper batteries are estimated to use for powering the next generation vehicles and medical devices.

• Paper batteries in electronics

Paper batteries are used mainly in many electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptop batteries, calculators, digital cameras and also in wireless communication devices like mouse, Bluetooth, keyboard, speakers, and headsets.

• Paper batteries in medical sciences

Paper batteries are used in the medical field such as for making pacemakers for the heart, artificial tissues, drug delivery systems, cosmetics and in Biosensors.

• Paper batteries in automobiles and aircraft

Paper batteries are used in automobiles and aircraft such as in lightweight, guided missiles, hybrid car batteries, long air flights and in satellite programs for powering electronic devices.

This is all about the paper battery with its working principles and applications.

These batteries have the potential adaptability to power the next generation electronic appliances, medical devices and hybrid vehicles. So, these batteries could solve all the problems associated with conventional electrical energy storage devices. Furthermore, for any queries, regarding this article or any other?electrical projects, you can leave your comments, suggestions by commenting in the comment section below.

• Electrochemical Batteries

Electrochemical batteries can be modified to integrate the use of paper. An electrochemical battery typically uses two metals, separated into two chambers and connected by a bridge or a membrane which permits the exchange of electrons between the two metals, thereby producing energy. Paper can be integrated into electrochemical batteries by depositing the electrode onto the paper and by using paper to contain the fluid used to activate the battery. The paper that has been patterned can also be used in electrochemical batteries. This is done to make the battery more compatible with paper electronics. These batteries tend to produce low voltage and operate for short periods of time, but they can be connected in series to increase their output and capacity. Paper batteries of this type can be activated with bodily fluids which makes them very useful in the healthcare field such as single-use medical devices or tests for specific diseases. A battery of this type has been developed with a longer life to power?point of care?devices for the healthcare industry. The device used a paper battery made using a magnesium foil anode and a silver cathode has been used to detect diseases in patients such as kidney cancer, liver cancer, and osteoblastic bone cancer. The paper was patterned using wax printing and is able to be easily disposed of. Furthermore, this battery was developed at a low cost and has other practical application.

• Lithium-ion Batteries

Paper can be used in lithium-ion batteries as regular, commercial paper, or paper enhanced with single-walled carbon nanotubes. The enhanced paper is used as the electrode and as the separator which results in a sturdy, flexible battery that has great performance capabilities such as good?cycling, great efficiency, and good reversibility. Using paper as a separator is more effective than using plastic. The process of enhancing the paper, however, can be complicated and costly, depending on the materials used. A carbon nanotube and silver nanowire film can be used to coat regular paper to create a simpler and less expensive separator and battery support. The conductive paper can also be used to replace traditionally used metallic chemicals. The resulting battery performs well while simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing the cost. Lithium-ion paper batteries are flexible, durable, rechargeable, and produce significantly more power than electrochemical batteries. In spite of these advantages, there are still some drawbacks. In order for the paper to be integrated with the Li-ion battery, complex layering and insulating techniques are required for the battery to function as desired. One reason these complex techniques are used is to strengthen the paper used so that it does not tear as easily. This contributes to the overall strength and flexibility of the battery. These techniques require time, training, and costly materials. Additionally, the individual materials required are not environmentally friendly and require specific disposal procedures. Paper lithium-ion batteries would be best suited for applications requiring a substantial amount of energy over an extended period of time. Lithium-ion paper batteries can be composed of carbon nanotubes and a cellulose-based membrane and produce good results but at a high price tag. Other researchers have been successful using carbon paper manufactured from pyrolyzed filter paper. The paper is inserted in between the electrode and cathode.The use of a carbon paper as an interlayer in Li-S batteries improves the batteries efficiency and capacity. The carbon paper increases the contact area between the cathode and the electrode which allows for greater flow of electrons. The pores in the paper allow the electrons to travel easily while preventing the anode and the cathode from being in contact with one another. This translates into the greater output, battery capacity and cycle stability; these are improvements to conventional Li-S batteries. The carbon paper is made from?pyrolyzed?filter paper which is inexpensive to make and performs like multi-walled carbon nanotube paper used as a battery.

• Biofuel Cells

Biofuel cells operate similarly to electrochemical batteries, except that they utilize components such as sugar, ethanol, pyruvate, and lactate, instead of metals to facilitate redox reactions to produce electrical energy. The enhanced paper is used to contain and separate the positive and negative components of the biofuel cell. This paper biofuel cell started up much more quickly than a conventional biofuel cell since the porous paper was able to absorb the positive biofuel and promote the attachment of bacteria to the positive biofuel. This battery capable of producing a significant amount of power after being activated by a wide range of liquids and then be disposed of. Some development must take place since some components are toxic and expensive.

Naturally occurring electrolytes might allow?biocompatible?batteries for use on or within living bodies. ?Paper batteries described by a researcher as a way to power a small device such as a pacemaker without introducing any harsh chemicals such as the kind that is typically found in batteries in the body.

Their ability to use electrolytes in the blood makes them potentially useful for medical devices such as?pacemakers,?medical diagnostic?equipment, and drug delivery?transdermal patches. German healthcare company KSW Microtech is using the material to power?blood?supply temperature monitoring.

• Supercapacitors

Paper battery technology can be used in?supercapacitors. Supercapacitors operate and are manufactured similarly to electrochemical batteries, but are generally capable of greater performance and are able to be recharged. Paper or enhanced paper can be used to develop thin, flexible supercapacitors that are lightweight less expensive. The paper that has been enhanced with carbon nanotubes is generally preferred over regular paper because it has increased strength and allows for easier transfer of electrons between the two metals. The electrolyte and the electrode are embedded into the paper which produces a flexible paper supercapacitor that can compete with some commercial supercapacitors produced today. A paper supercapacitor would be well suited for a high power application.

• Nanogenerators

Nanogenerators are a more recent device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Paper is desirable as a component of nanogenerators for the same reasons discussed above. Such devices are able to capture movement, such as body movement, and convert that energy into electrical energy that could power LED lights, for example.

“When you take technology and mix it with art, you always come up with something innovative”

Advantages of Paper Battery:-?

The composition of these batteries is what sets them apart from traditional batteries.

• Paper is abundant and self-sustaining, which makes paper cheap. Disposing of paper is also inexpensive since paper is combustible as well as biodegradable.
• Using paper gives the battery a great degree of flexibility.
• The battery can be bent or wrapped around objects instead of requiring a fixed casing.
• Being a thin, flat sheet, the paper battery can easily fit into tight places, reducing the size and weight of the device it powers.
• The use of paper increases the electron flow which is well suited for high-performance applications. Paper allows for capillary action so fluids in batteries, such as electrolytes, can be moved without the use of an external pump.
• Using paper in batteries increases the surface area that can be used integrate reagents. The paper used in paper batteries can be supplemented to improve its performance characteristics.
• Patterning techniques such as photolithography, wax printing, and laser micromachining are used to create hydrophobic and hydrophilic sections on the paper to create a pathway to direct the capillary action of the fluids used in batteries.
• Similar techniques can be used to create electrical pathways on paper to create paper electrical devices and can integrate paper energy storage.

Disadvantages

Although the advantages of paper batteries are quite impressive, many of the components that make them great, such as carbon nanotubes and pattering, are complicated and expensive.

“The science of today is the Technology of future”