March 2018

4G Wi-Fi Revolution

Wi-Fi is an extremely powerful resource that connects people, business, and increasingly the Internet of Things. It is used in our homes, colleges, businesses, favorite cafes, buses, and many of our public spaces. However, it is also a hugely complex technology. Designing, deploying, and maintaining a successful WLAN is no easy task, the goal is to make that task easier for WLAN administrators of all skill levels through education, knowledge-sharing, and community participation etc.
Any malls, restaurants, hotel, and any other service station, Wi-Fi seems to be active. While supplemental downlink channels are 20MHZ, each the Wi-Fi channels could be 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz or even 160MHz. On many moments I had to switch off my Wi-Fi as the speed so poor & and go back to using 4G.
On my smartphone, most days I get 30/40mbps download speed and it works perfectly superb for all my needs. The only one reason that we would need higher speeds is to do a chain and use the laptop for work, watching a video, play games, listen to music, download anything that you want. Most of the people I know that they work with don’t require gigabit speed at the moment.
Once a user that is receiving high-speed data on their device using LTE-U / LAA creates a Wi-Fi hotspot, it may use the same 5GHZ channels as the once that the network is using for supplemental downlink. The user always asking why their download speed fall as soon as they switch WI-FI on.
The fact is that in a rural area & even general built-up areas, operates do not have to worry about the network being overloaded and use their licensed range. nobody is planning to place LTE-U / LAA in these areas. In the dense area and ultra areas, there are many more users, and many more wi-fi access points, ad-hoc wi-fi networks and many other sources of involvement.

Introduction to Blockchain

What is a blockchain?

A blockchain is a decentralized library and a way of doing transactions of the cryptocurrencies like bitcoin and ethereum. ?The blockchain is actually a continuously growing list of records called blocks and each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp and transaction data. This way, Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin wallets can calculate their spendable balance and new transactions can be verified to be spending bitcoins that are actually owned by the spender.

History of Blockchain

The first blockchain was conceptualized and made by a person known as?Satoshi Nakamoto?in 2008. Satoshi Nakamoto is the person who evolved this concept and connected as the core component with cryptocurrency bitcoin where it serves as the public ledger for all transactions on the network. ?Through the use of a blockchain, bitcoin became the first digital currency to the solved double-spending problem without requiring a trusted authority.

Working of Blockchain?

Blockchain ensures that the money is transferred immediately. No banking channels are used and the money will be liquid able on major crypto exchanges. Transaction?done is a transfer of value between?Bitcoin wallets that gets included in the blockchain.?Bitcoin?wallets keep a secret piece of data called a private key or seed, which is used to sign?transactions, providing a mathematical proof that they have come from the owner of the wallet.

The blockchain implementations could be broadly categorized into two categories based on the requirements of business use cases:

• Public: A public blockchain is open and anyone can take part in executing the transactions on the network.
• Private: A private blockchain is closed and is restricted to invite-based participation.

How is blockchain helpful?

The blockchain is now integrated into multiple areas solely becoming the next big thing

• Decentralization of the technology.
• Blockchain records and validate each and every transaction made, which makes it secure and reliable.
• All the transactions made are authorized by miners, which makes the transactions immutable and prevent it from the threat of hacking.
• Blockchain technology avoids the need of any third-party or any of the central authority for peer-to-peer transactions.

Future of blockchain

Blockchain will be adopted by central banks, industries, governments and cryptographically secured currencies will become widely used. As blockchain minimizes the cyber risk it will be helpful in future as in now. Blockchain technology could be used to distribute social welfare in developing nations also.

Smart Home Technology

Smart-Home Technology benefits the home-owners to monitor their Houses remotely, countering dangers such as a forgotten coffee maker left on or a front door left unlocked.

Smart homes are also beneficial for the elderly, providing monitoring that can help seniors to remain at home comfortably and safely, rather than moving to a nursing home or requiring 24/7 home care.

Unsurprisingly, smart homes can accommodate user preferences. For example, as soon as you arrive home, your garage door will open, the lights will go on, the fireplace will roar and your favorite tunes will start playing on your smart speakers.

Home automation also helps consumers improve efficiency. Instead of leaving the air conditioning on all day, a smart home system can learn your behaviors and make sure the house is cooled down by the time you arrive home from work. The same goes for appliances. And with a smart irrigation system, your lawn will only be watered when needed and with the exact amount of water necessary. With home automation, energy, water and other resources are used more efficiently, which helps save both natural resources and money for the consumer.

However, home automation systems have struggled to become mainstream, in part due to their technical nature. A drawback of smart homes is their perceived complexity; some people have difficulty with technology or will give up on it with the first annoyance. Smart home manufacturers and alliances are working on reducing complexity and improving the user experience to make it enjoyable and beneficial for users of all types and technical levels.

For home automation systems to be truly effective, devices must be inter-operable regardless of who manufactured them, using the same protocol or, at least, complementary ones. As it is such a nascent market, there is no gold standard for home automation yet. However, standard alliances are partnering with manufacturers and protocols to ensure inter-operability and a seamless user experience.

“Intelligence is the ability to adapt to change.”

–Stephan Hawking

How smart homes work/smart home implementation

Newly built homes are often constructed with smart home infrastructure in place. Older homes, on the other hand, can be retrofitted with smart technologies. While many smart home systems still run on X10 or Insteon, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have grown in popularity.

Zigbee and Z-Wave are two of the most common home automation communications protocols in use today. Both mesh network technologies, they use short-range, low-power radio signals to connect smart home systems. Though both target the same smart home applications, Z-Wave has a range of 30 meters to Zigbee’s 10 meters, with Zigbee often perceived as the more complex of the two. Zigbee chips are available from multiple companies, while Z-Wave chips are only available from Sigma Designs.

A smart home is not disparate smart devices and appliances, but ones that work together to create a remotely controllable network. All devices are controlled by a master home automation controller, often called a smart home hub. The smart home hub is a hardware device that acts as the central point of the smart home system and is able to sense, process data and communicate wirelessly. It combines all of the disparate apps into a single smart home app that can be controlled remotely by homeowners. Examples of smart home hubs include Amazon Echo, Google Home, Insteon Hub Pro, Samsung SmartThings and Wink Hub, among others.

Some smart home systems can be created from scratch, for example, using a Raspberry Pi or other prototyping board. Others can be purchased as a bundled?smart home kit also known as a smart home platform that contains the pieces needed to start a home automation project.

In simple smart home scenarios, events can be timed or triggered. Timed events are based on a clock, for example, lowering the blinds at 6:00 p.m., while triggered events depend on actions in the automated system; for example, when the owner’s smartphone approaches the door, the smart lock unlocks and the smart lights go on.

It involves the control and automation of lighting, heating (such as smart thermostats), ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and security (such as smart locks), as well as home appliances such as washer/dryers, ovens or refrigerators/freezers.WiFi is often used for remote monitoring and control. Home devices, when remotely monitored and controlled via the Internet, are an important constituent of the Internet of Things. Modern systems generally consist of switches and sensors connected to a central hub sometimes called a “gateway” from which the system is controlled with a user interface that is interacted either with a wall-mounted terminal, mobile phone software,tablet computer or a web interface, often but not always via Internet cloud services.

While there are many competing vendors, there are very few worldwide accepted industry standards and the smart home space is heavily fragmented. Manufacturers often prevent independent implementations by withholding documentation and by litigation.

Artificial Intelligence – decoding your scenes

A new Artificial Intelligence system that can decode the human mind and interpret what a person is seeing by analyzing brain scans. The advance could aid efforts to improve artificial intelligence (AI) and lead to new insights into brain function. Critical to the research is a type of algorithm called a convolutional neural network, which has been instrumental in enabling computers and smartphones to recognize faces and objects. Convolutional neural networks, a form of “deep-learning” algorithm, have been used to study how the brain processes static images and other visual stimuli.

This is the first time such an approach has been used to see how the brain processes movies of natural scenes – a step towards decoding the brain while people are trying to make sense of complex and dynamic visual surroundings. The researchers acquired 11.5 hours of Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) data from each of the three women subjects watching 972 video clips, including those showing people or animals in action and nature scenes. The data was used to train the system to predict the activity in the brain’s visual cortex while the subjects were watching the videos. The model was then used to decode FMRI data from the subjects to reconstruct the videos, even ones the model had never watched before. The model was able to accurately decode the FMRI data into specific image categories. Actual video images were then presented side-by-side with the computer’s interpretation of what the person’s brain saw based on FMRI data. By doing that, we can see how the brain divides a visual scene into pieces, and re-assembles the pieces into a full understanding of the visual scene. This is how the actual decoding of the human brain is stimulated.